Introduction & Background

Breast augmentation, also known as breast enlargement or augmentation mammoplasty, is a surgical procedure aimed at enhancing the size, shape, and symmetry of the breasts. This procedure involves the insertion of implants or fat transfer to increase the volume of the breasts or restore breast volume lost after weight reduction or pregnancy.

Breast augmentation surgery is widely considered a cosmetic procedure, although it can also be medically necessary, such as in cases of congenital breast deformities, post-mastectomy reconstruction, or trauma-related breast loss. The procedure has become one of the most common aesthetic surgeries worldwide. Since the advent of modern breast implants in the 1960s, breast augmentation techniques have significantly evolved, improving safety, aesthetic results, and patient satisfaction.

Causes of Breast Augmentation

While the decision for breast augmentation is largely personal, there are several key reasons why individuals opt for the procedure:

1. Cosmetic Enhancement: Many women seek breast augmentation to achieve fuller, more proportionate breasts that enhance their overall body image and self-esteem. It is common for individuals who feel their breasts are too small relative to their body frame to consider augmentation.
2. Post-Pregnancy or Weight Loss Changes: Pregnancy and significant weight changes can alter the shape, size, and firmness of the breasts. Breast augmentation can help restore volume and shape after breastfeeding or weight loss.
3. Congenital or Developmental Concerns: Some women are born with underdeveloped breasts or asymmetry. Breast augmentation helps address these natural differences, providing balance and symmetry.
4. Reconstructive Surgery: Following a mastectomy (often due to breast cancer), women may undergo breast reconstruction, which frequently involves breast implants to rebuild the breast mound.
5. Psychological Well-Being: For many individuals, achieving the desired breast size and shape can improve confidence and body image, positively impacting mental health.

Indications for Breast Augmentation

The following are typical indications for breast augmentation:

1. Hypomastia: Women with abnormally small breasts who desire fuller breasts.
2. Breast Asymmetry: Women with one breast noticeably smaller than the other.
3. Post-Pregnancy or Post-Weight Loss: Restoration of breast volume that has diminished due to pregnancy, breastfeeding, or weight fluctuations.
4. Breast Reconstruction after Mastectomy: Patients who have undergone mastectomy for breast cancer and wish to reconstruct their breasts.
5. Post-Trauma or Injury: Women who have lost breast tissue or shape due to trauma or injury.
6. Self-esteem Concerns: Individuals who feel that their breast size affects their overall appearance and self-confidence.

Symptoms Indicating Need for Breast Augmentation

Breast augmentation is not a treatment for any medical condition, but individuals may experience symptoms that lead them to consider the procedure. These include:

1. Uneven Breast Size: One breast is noticeably smaller than the other, leading to imbalance and dissatisfaction.
2. Loss of Breast Volume: After pregnancy or weight loss, breasts may lose fullness, causing them to appear deflated or sagging.
3. Aesthetic Discomfort: Some individuals feel self-conscious or uncomfortable about the size or shape of their breasts, which may impact their personal or professional life.
4. Breast Deformities: Certain congenital deformities can cause the breasts to appear underdeveloped, asymmetrical, or misshapen, prompting individuals to seek augmentation.

Prevention Strategies for Breast Augmentation

Since breast augmentation is an elective procedure, there are no specific “prevention strategies.” However, understanding the factors that may influence the decision to undergo surgery can help individuals make informed choices:

1. Maintaining Healthy Body Image: Practicing body positivity and cultivating a healthy attitude towards one’s appearance can minimize the desire for cosmetic enhancements.
2. Educating About Realistic Expectations: Individuals should seek guidance from medical professionals to set realistic expectations for the outcome of the procedure and avoid unnecessary procedures.
3. Avoiding Unnecessary Pressure: Societal pressures or trends should not dictate the decision to undergo breast augmentation. It is essential to make decisions based on personal desires, not external influences.

Myths and Facts About Breast Augmentation

Myth 1: Breast Implants are Dangerous

• Fact: Modern breast implants are made from durable materials and are rigorously tested for safety. While there are some risks associated with the procedure, such as implant rupture or capsular contracture, the safety profile of breast implants has improved significantly.

Myth 2: Breast Augmentation Will Always Feel Fake

• Fact: Breast implants can look and feel very natural when properly placed. Advances in implant technology and surgical techniques have led to more natural-looking results, particularly with cohesive gel implants.

Myth 3: The Procedure is Extremely Painful

• Fact: Pain levels vary among individuals, but most women experience mild to moderate discomfort after surgery, which is typically manageable with pain medication. Most patients return to their normal activities within a few weeks.

Myth 4: Implants Need to Be Replaced Every 10 Years

• Fact: Implants do not need to be replaced after a specific period unless they are causing issues, such as rupture or leakage. Regular check-ups with a doctor are recommended to monitor implant integrity.

Treatments and Therapy for Breast Augmentation

The treatment options for breast augmentation can be categorized into various approaches:

Medication-Based Treatments

There are no specific medications to enhance breast size, but some women may use hormonal treatments, such as birth control pills, to influence breast size. These treatments are generally not recommended as a primary method for enlargement and may have side effects.

Surgical Treatments

Breast augmentation primarily involves the following surgical options:

1. Saline Implants: A sterile saline solution is used in the implant. These are adjustable and require a smaller incision.
2. Silicone Implants: Filled with silicone gel, these implants feel more natural and are more popular among patients.
3. Fat Transfer: Also known as autologous fat grafting, this method involves liposuction to remove fat from one area of the body, which is then injected into the breasts to increase size.
4. Breast Lift with Augmentation: Some women may opt for a combination of a breast lift and augmentation to correct sagging.

Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation

Post-surgery rehabilitation is crucial for recovery and optimal results:

1. Range of Motion Exercises: To help regain mobility and avoid stiffness around the chest.
2. Massage Therapy: In some cases, massage therapy may help prevent or reduce complications such as capsular contracture, where scar tissue forms around the implant.

Lifestyle and Behavioral Interventions

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can improve surgical outcomes and long-term breast health:

1. Weight Management: Maintaining a stable weight helps keep the results of breast augmentation consistent.
2. Exercise: Regular exercise can help maintain breast tissue health and overall fitness, though certain chest exercises should be avoided immediately post-surgery.

Alternative and Complementary Medicine

Some individuals explore herbal remedies or dietary supplements claiming to enhance breast size, though there is no conclusive scientific evidence to support the efficacy of these treatments.

Psychotherapy and Counseling

Psychological counseling may help individuals manage their expectations and address body image concerns related to breast augmentation. This can be particularly useful for patients who seek surgery due to external pressures or dissatisfaction with their natural appearance.

Immunizations and Vaccines

No specific immunizations or vaccines are required before breast augmentation. However, patients should be up-to-date on general health screenings and immunizations.

Stem Cell Therapy

Stem cell therapy for breast augmentation is a relatively new field, with research ongoing to determine its viability. The potential use of stem cells may help regenerate natural breast tissue, offering an alternative to traditional implants.

Gene Therapy

Gene therapy is another experimental area, with studies exploring how genetic manipulation could stimulate natural breast tissue growth. However, this field is still in the research phase and is not currently available for clinical use.

Top 20 FAQ on Breast Augmentation

1. What is breast augmentation?
   • Answer: Breast augmentation, also known as mammoplasty, is a surgical procedure used to increase the size, shape, or fullness of the breasts. This is typically achieved by inserting implants (saline or silicone) or through fat transfer procedures.
2. How long does the procedure take?
   • Answer: Breast augmentation typically takes between 1 to 2 hours, depending on the complexity of the surgery and the technique used.
3. What are the different types of implants?
   • Answer: The two main types of implants are saline implants (filled with sterile salt water) and silicone implants (filled with a silicone gel). There are also alternative methods like fat transfer, where fat is taken from another part of the body and injected into the breasts.
4. What should I expect during recovery?
   • Answer: Recovery time varies, but most patients can expect swelling, bruising, and discomfort for a few days. Pain medications are prescribed, and you will need to avoid strenuous activities for several weeks. Full recovery typically takes about 6-8 weeks.
5. How long will the results last?
   • Answer: The results of breast augmentation are long-lasting, but implants may need to be replaced after 10-15 years due to factors like wear and tear or rupture. Fat transfer may last longer, but results can vary depending on the individual’s body.
6. Can breast augmentation affect breastfeeding?
   • Answer: Most women can breastfeed after breast augmentation, but the surgery can potentially impact milk production, especially if the nipple or milk ducts are disrupted. It’s important to discuss this with your surgeon beforehand if breastfeeding is a concern.
7. How do I choose the right size implant?
   • Answer: The right implant size depends on your body frame, breast tissue, and personal goals. Surgeons typically help patients choose the right size by using sizing tools, considering your desired look, and evaluating the aesthetic balance with your body.
8. Are there any risks associated with the procedure?
   • Answer: As with any surgery, there are risks such as infection, implant rupture, scarring, capsular contracture (hardening of the scar tissue around the implant), and changes in nipple sensation. These risks are low but should be discussed thoroughly with your surgeon.
9. How much does breast augmentation cost?
   • Answer: The cost of breast augmentation varies depending on the surgeon’s experience, geographic location, type of implants, and facility fees. On average, the cost ranges from $3,000 to $8,000 in the U.S.
10. What is the difference between silicone and saline implants?

• Answer: Silicone implants are filled with silicone gel, which provides a more natural feel and look. Saline implants are filled with sterile salt water and are often used when a smaller incision is required. Silicone implants are generally more expensive.

11. Can I have breast augmentation if I have small breasts?

• Answer: Yes, breast augmentation is ideal for individuals with small or underdeveloped breasts who wish to enhance their breast size and symmetry. A consultation with a board-certified plastic surgeon will help determine the best approach.

12. How do I know if I’m a good candidate for the surgery?

• Answer: A good candidate for breast augmentation is generally in good health, has realistic expectations, and is not pregnant or breastfeeding. The best way to determine if you are a suitable candidate is to have a consultation with a qualified plastic surgeon.

13. What is the recovery time for breast augmentation?

• Answer: Most patients take about 1-2 weeks off work to recover. Swelling and bruising may persist for a few weeks, and full recovery may take 6-8 weeks. Patients are advised to avoid heavy lifting and vigorous exercise for 4-6 weeks post-surgery.

14. Do breast implants need to be replaced after a certain time?

• Answer: Breast implants do not have an expiration date, but they may need to be replaced or removed if complications arise, such as implant rupture or capsular contracture. Most implants last 10-15 years, but regular check-ups are recommended.

15. Can I exercise after breast augmentation?

• Answer: It’s recommended to avoid heavy exercise or lifting for at least 4-6 weeks following breast augmentation to allow proper healing. Light walking and gentle exercises can be resumed after the first few weeks, but high-impact exercises should be avoided until cleared by your surgeon.

16. What happens if my implant ruptures?

• Answer: If a silicone implant ruptures, the gel may remain inside the capsule of scar tissue, but the implant will need to be removed or replaced. If a saline implant ruptures, the saline solution is absorbed by the body, and the implant deflates. Both situations typically require corrective surgery.

17. Are there scars after the surgery?

• Answer: Yes, there will be some scarring after breast augmentation. The surgeon will place the incisions in areas that are least visible (e.g., under the breast, around the areola, or in the armpit). The scars typically fade over time, though they are permanent.

18. What are the chances of developing complications after surgery?

• Answer: The risk of complications is relatively low, but they can include infection, implant rupture, capsular contracture, and changes in nipple sensation. Choosing a qualified, experienced surgeon and following post-operative care instructions can reduce the risk of complications.

19. Can I have a breast augmentation if I’ve had a mastectomy?

• Answer: Yes, breast augmentation is commonly performed as part of breast reconstruction after a mastectomy. Implants or fat transfer can help rebuild the breast mound, and the procedure can be done at the same time as the mastectomy or later.

20. How should I care for my implants long-term?

• Answer: Long-term care includes regular check-ups with your surgeon to ensure the implants remain intact. Patients should also be aware of any changes in their breast appearance, size, or shape and report any issues to their healthcare provider. Additionally, maintaining a healthy lifestyle can contribute to the longevity of the results.

Conclusion

Breast augmentation is a transformative procedure that enhances the appearance and shape of the breasts. While it offers significant aesthetic benefits, it is important for individuals to carefully consider their motivations, consult with qualified professionals, and understand the potential risks and benefits. Each patient’s decision should be based on personal desires and health considerations rather than societal pressures. With advances in surgical techniques, breast augmentation continues to be a safe and popular choice for those seeking to enhance their appearance or restore breast volume.

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CINCINNATI — A rash and joint pain may have saved Lily McBreen’s life by getting her to the doctor in time for a breast cancer diagnosis. Although many other survivors choose implants after their mastectomies, she’s adamant that she won’t. Having almost lost her life once, she’s worried the side effects of receiving breast implants could endanger it again.

“After breast cancer your biggest motivation is to survive and you know that to survive you have to become healthy and whole again,” she said. “So the idea of putting something in your body that’s potentially going to make you sick again is something you’re not going to be willing, or want to do.”

McBreen was diagnosed with fibromyalgia a few years ago. When she noticed rash and joint swelling in her wrists, she went to her doctor, who sent her to a rheumatologist to perform a full body scan. That’s when she saw it: a lump inside her breast. She was diagnosed with stage two breast cancer.

“I just started spinning mentally,” said McBreen, a registered nurse. “I really honestly can’t verbalize. I just started bawling.”

She started chemo within a week of the diagnosis and had her last round on her birthday in November.

“That’s either a gift or not a gift,” she said.

That was followed by a bilateral mastectomy a month later. Then came another big decision: Should she get breast implants?

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Working as a superyacht hostess around the Mediterranean, Nicole Reed started having body image issues. Images of Instagram models added to Reed’s feeling of inadequacy. After a recommendation from a friend, Reed went to Turkey for multiple cosmetic surgeries at unbelievably low prices. However, the cheap surgeries proved harmful when her breast lift surgery did not heal according to plan.

Because she had to spend most of her time in a bikini surrounded by other bikini-clad women, Reed started feeling that her body was inadequate. She claimed that after losing some weight, she felt that her breasts had started to sag.

Reed, who already had lip fillers, wanted to get breast implants to enlarge her breasts. A friend suggested that getting the surgery done overseas could save her thousands. Contacting a clinic in Turkey, Reed got her breast implant surgery done for £2,800.

Excited by the results and the cost, Reed decided to return to the clinic for more body-transforming surgeries. The 30-year-old woman, originally from Auckland, New Zealand, scheduled another trip to Turkey in 2017.

Reed spoke to the doctor at the clinic about getting a breast lift, face graft, liposuction, and a Brazilian butt lift. Speaking to The Sun, Reed described her surgery wish list as a shopping list which she wanted to tick items off of.

When she discussed the surgeries she wanted to get done, the doctor suggested she get them done all at once. He claimed that the surgeries could be dealt with as a single surgery which would cost her less money.

After getting multiple procedures done together during a seven-hour surgery, Reed awoke to tremendous pain. She could not lie on her back nor her front due to surgeries to her buttocks as well as her breasts. Even though she complained of pain to the nurse and the doctors, she was released from the hospital after two days.

Spending a week alone in a hotel in Istanbul, Reed decided to fly to Thailand to recover there. After a painful flight, Reed was left in a horrible physical condition.

In Thailand, she noticed that the wounds had opened up and were secreting pus. Doctors there removed her stitches and prescribed antibiotics. The phone number of the clinic in Turkey remained uncontactable. Reed decided to return to New Zealand.

In New Zealand, nurses and doctors were shocked at the condition of Reed’s breasts. Her doctor informed her that her breasts had become infected by bacteria. She needed to give her breast time to heal while diligently cleaning the dressing.

Reed shared the trauma she undergoes every time she has to look at her mutilated breasts. Her doctor informed her that she came close to losing her implants and once her breasts healed, she could get corrective surgery done.

Warning against getting cheap cosmetic surgeries done, Reed laments the mental and physical trauma she faced due to her own bad decision.

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Sophie Monk recently caused jaws to drop around the country with her eye-popping ARIAs outfit.

But while Twitter exploded with concern that Sophie’s extremely plunging dress may cause her to have an embarrassing wardrobe malfunction on live TV — there were two women who definitely didn’t flinch.

That’s because sisters Bianca and Bridgett Roccisano knew the secret keeping Sophie safely in place — as they had made it.

The pair are the masterminds behind “Booby Tape”, a $21.95 adhesive alternative to a bra that is so reliable, it’s been hailed a “breast lift in a box”.

“Being naturally large breasted women we were resorting to industrial and hardware tape to hold our breasts up,” Bianca told news.com.au.

“One day we said there has to be a product that is designed for breasts so we googled and googled and there was nothing. We then knew that something had to be done about this and boom that’s how Booby Tape was born.”

After investing $15,000 and completing a years worth of research, the siblings from Melbourne launched the hypo-allergenic tape in 2018 and in just 12 months it has become a multimillion-dollar company.

Unlike industrial tapes which can be difficult to take off and even damage or irritate skin, Booby Tape is gentler on skin. It is also purposely designed to “lift” the wearers breasts and not stick a garment down.

“Almost immediately we had an incredible response world wide,” the 34-year-old said. “We were overwhelmed with women inundating our inbox with pictures of their before and afters.”

It was such a success, the problem-solving product is now sold at major Australian retailers, including David Jones, Myer and Chemist Warehouse.

“That was a moment when we realised Booby Tape was becoming a global phenomenon and resonating with women everywhere,” Bianca explained.

Last week, the brand got another boost of attention thanks to Sophie Monk, who revealed on Instagram her “boob operation” was thanks to the brand.

Her 555,000 followers went nuts for the visible cleavage boost, thanking Sophie for “keeping it real”.

“Looking sensational and keeping it real,” one wrote.

“Ummmmmm this is your hottest look for sure!!” another said.

“Hot diggity damn,” someone else commented.

Other Australian stars are also fans, including Ines Basic and Jessika Power of MAFS fame who have both shared videos on how they use the product on their social media pages.

Bianca, who is also a lawyer while her sister Bridgett is a graphic designer, explained influencers have been a key part of their brand’s success.

“Our launch party in Los Angeles really was a turning point for Booby Tape on social media,” she said. “We gained almost 20,000 followers within a two-day period, helping us achieve our goal of making it a household name.”

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A woman has opened up about the horrifying moment she was left on the brink of death after having a botched tummy tuck and boob job abroad.

Lyndsay Colosimo, 38, forked out $10,000 for the plastic surgery in Colombia in May in a bid to “feel confident” for her 40th birthday.

But days later, the flesh around Colosimo’s wound and her nipples began rotting, and her skin turned black.

The insurance underwriter was rushed to the hospital, where she was forced to have multiple operations to save her life and rectify her botched surgery.

Colosimo, from Florida, is now warning others about the dangers of having cosmetic surgery abroad following her harrowing ordeal.

“I regret it so much. I went there to feel confident and now I feel embarrassed,” she said.

Colosimo first decided to have the surgery in Colombia after two of her friends went to the same clinic and claimed their results were “amazing.”

“I had a tummy tuck in the US in 2012 and I wasn’t happy with it and wanted it revised with a bum lift,” Colosimo said.

“When I got to the clinic, I was advised on a breast reduction and lift too — something I have always wanted but it wasn’t my priority.

“I decided to have both but I did worry as I felt as though it was too much surgery at once, but you trust the professionals.”

Colosimo was in surgery for five and a half hours before she woke up and everything spiraled out of control.

“When I woke up, I didn’t feel right and a doctor was nowhere to be seen. My legs felt numb and I began vomiting uncontrollably. It was the worst pain of my life,” she described.

“It continued for a few days and I could see a black spot under my bandage, but I was told it was dried blood and not to worry by medics. I knew in my heart it wasn’t as I was getting worse by the day. Eventually, I saw what was under the bandage and 30 percent of my nipple was black.”

Colosimo claims she was diagnosed with necrosis — dead cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury, or failure of the blood supply — and that her nipple and milk duct was surgically removed three weeks after the initial surgery.

She was scheduled to stay in Colombia for 20 days but went on to stay for a further 12 as she claims there were further complications.

“I had open wounds on my breasts as the implant pocket wasn’t big enough — it is like the incision was made for a C-cup and DD was shoved in,” she said.

“My skin started breaking open, it was terrifying to see. I had a fever and continued to show signs of infections and was encouraged to walk around whereas usually people are told to rest after surgery.

“My stomach began to fill with fluid and puss would seep out of my belly button and massage therapists were sent to my hotel room with razor blades to cut open the incisions and massage the fluids out.

“This is unsanitary and hotel rooms are not sterile environments. Massage oil is also not good near open wounds — I ignored all the red flags as I was desperate for it to make me feel better.

“Unfortunately, I am more educated after the events rather than before. I researched the clinic and seen amazing results with my own eyes, but I didn’t see any of the bad.”

On her return to the US, Colosimo was taken straight to the hospital and claims doctors found an E. coli infection in her breast and told her revision surgery was needed on her stomach.

Following this, she required a wound vac weekly and a doctor to change her bandages daily.

She was finally discharged from their care on November 20.

Colosimo now claims she has a $40,000 medical bill. The initial surgery would have cost $35,000 at a US plastic surgery clinic.

“I went straight to the emergency department and had two more surgeries to install three drains to flush out the infections in my stomach. This infection almost cost me my life — I developed cellulitis and I am still in constant pain at the incision point,” she adds.

“I was seeking perfection but now I look back and realize I was good enough. Before surgery, I wouldn’t wear a bikini and now I won’t even wear a dress or leave my house. I thought I would feel liberated after, but I feel ashamed. I shared my story on social media to prevent other women going through the torture I have been through.”

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Tiffany “New York” Pollard made her return to “Botched” on Monday night’s Season Six premiere, where she went back under the knife to get her breast implants removed for good.

Back in 2015, the reality TV star first appeared on the show to get a nose job and reduction of her then-massive implants. 4 years later, she was back with new problems.

“I’m back to talk about the troubles I’ve been having with my titties. I love that word,” Pollard exclaimed on Monday’s premiere. “When I currently look at my breasts now, they literally remind me of Snoopy’s ears on my chest.”

he explained that in the months after her initial surgery from Dr. Terry Dubrow and Dr. Paul Nassif, her implants began sliding and drooping again. She also believed that her implants were making her sick — as she details feeling light headed, having a hard time concentrating and suffering from diarrhea.

Dubrow explained that the “most rapidly expanding” procedure of his practice is taking breast implants out, as more and more women believe they have breast implant illness. He also said that it appeared Pollard may have a “genetic predisposition towards stretching of the skin,” leading to the drooping and sliding.

Agreeing to have her implants removed, Pollard said she wanted to be sure she would still “feel feminine and full-busted” after her procedure, warning, “I just don’t wanna look flat.” She joked, “My boyfriend does like pancakes but I don’t think he’s gonna want to butter these up and eat them.”

Ever the soundbite machine, Tiffany added that she was “so excited to embark on this new healthy phase in my life,” exclaiming she was ready to “feel beautiful and confident and go in there and get my titties cut out.”

Dubrow explained that they removed her implants, excised any extra skin and created new breasts with the remaining tissue. They also gave her a breast lift. Even when she was coming out of anesthesia, Pollard was thrilled — and hilarious as ever.

“When your tits don’t sag anymore, you recognize your womanhood in a whole new way,” said the slightly loopy star. “I’ve never woken up from a surgery and felt this beautiful. You did not make me a part of the itty bitty titty committee. I still feel a little bit of Dolly Parton in my blood! I’m ready to go clubbin’.”

In a followup visit, Pollard showed off the results of her surgery and said she now feels “so alive.” Regarding her new breasts, she said, “I love them so much. I feel lighter, more energetic and more feminine with the smaller breasts than I do with the bigger ones.”

“I no longer feel sick and I’m naturally abundant,” she added. “Turns out, you can be natural and still be the HBIC.”

On Instagram earlier today, Tiffany revealed it’s been about six months since the operation. The right photo above was taken earlier this month in Los Angeles.

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Mother-of-three Louise Harvey, 36, of Norwich, died on 5 July 2018 following the operation at a Transform Cosmetic Surgery clinic in London.

Her mother said Ms Harvey had breast surgery and a tummy tuck as she was told it would be cheaper together.

Post-mortem tests found she died of a blood clot in her lungs.

The beauty therapist’s cause of death was recorded as bilateral pulmonary embolism with secondary causes listed as breast augmentation and abdominoplasty (tummy tuck).

The inquest in Norwich heard her family had a history of blood clots, however, Ms Harvey’s mother, Linda Harvey, said in a statement her daughter was sent home without blood thinners.

“If Louise had been advised about this I would have expected her to tell me,” she said.

She said her daughter had been advised by the clinic to have both procedures “as it would be cheaper”.

Ms Harvey was sent home two days after the three-hour operation on 17 June and had a follow-up appointment on 26 June.

However, she collapsed on 3 July and died two days later.

“Louise’s organs were giving up,” her mother said. “She had blood clots in her heart and lungs.”

Norfolk coroner Yvonne Blake asked Ms Harvey’s consultant plastic surgeon, Manish Sinha, if he had been “aware of her family history, her sister having had a clot and her grandmother”.

“No ma’am, I was not,” he said.

He said it was not his usual practice to read a pre-assessment form completed by a patient with a nurse – in which Miss Harvey’s family history of DVT (deep vein thrombosis) was recorded – “unless specific things have been flagged up to me”.

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Dr Dauda Adekunle an Abuja based Obstetrician, has advised women who intend to go for breast implants that breast augmentation would not prevent their breast from sagging. Adekunle gave the advice in interview with News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) on Monday in Abuja.

According to him, women who believe breast augmentation will correct sagging breast should have a rethink, because they will also need a breast lift in addition to the breast augmentation. 

“You might need additional surgery after breast implant removal. If you decide to have your implants removed, you might need a breast lift or other corrective surgery to help restore your breasts’ appearance,” he said.

He said that breast implants were not guaranteed to last a lifetime, stating that the average life span of an implant was 10 years.

“Implant rupture is a possibility, also, your breasts will continue to age, and factors such as weight gain or weight loss might change the way your breasts look,” he said.

The obstetrician also stressed that these issues would likely lead to more surgeries.

“You might need an MRI scan, which is a recommended routine monitoring with MRI after three years.

“However, recent studies show that there’s little data to support routine screening unless you have symptoms,” he disclosed.

He noted that mammograms might be more complicated, noting that women with breast implants, in addition to routine mammograms, would require additional specialised view.

Adekunle said that breast implants might hamper breast-feeding; which he said some women were able to successfully breast-feed their babies after breast augmentation, but for others breast-feeding was a challenge.

Speaking of the risk factors, he said breast augmentation posed various risks, including: scar tissue that distorts the shape of the breast implant “capsular contracture”, breast pain, infection, changes in nipple, breast sensation and implant leakage or rupture.

He noted that correcting these complications might require more surgery, either to remove or replace the implants.

Adekunle quoted “the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), as identifying a possible association between breast implants and the development of breast anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL).”

He said that ALCL was a rare cancer of the immune system, adding that the FDA believed that women with breast implants might have a very low but increased risk of developing ALCL.

Adekunle, however, said that further research was needed to fully understand the relationship between ALCL and breast implants

The obstetrician urged women who were considering a breast augmentation to speak with their doctors for further enlightenment and consideration.

“For some women, breast augmentation is a way to feel more confident, while for others, it’s part of rebuilding the breast for various conditions,” he said.

According to him, there is need to discuss your goals with your surgeon so that you can be realistic about what breast augmentation can do for you.(NAN)

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A plastic surgery addict has spent more than £150,000 to “perfect” her look – including a rib removal, size 28L breast implants, a resculpted face and Brazilian butt lifts.

Kristen Snider, 28, sees her body as a “canvas” and plans to spend another £25,000 at least to alter her appearance even though her family don’t approve and fear her cosmetic obsession will kill her.

The IT support specialist said she always hated the reflection she saw in the mirror and wanted to change so much of her figure since she was a teenager.

Classmates at school teased her over her appearance and at 18 her frame was slim, but she desired feminine curves.

In March 2010, aged 18, Kristen underwent her first breast augmentation with 550cc implants to enhance her 32B chest.

She felt so happy with her body and she cried tears of joy when she saw the results.

Since 2010, Kristen has had over 20 cosmetic procedures, including a second breast augmentation with 1,500cc implants, rib removal, two bum lifts and bum implants.

She has also had three rhinoplasties, cheek implants, forehead implants, fat removal and lip injections.

Kristen loves her body now and feels proud of what she and her surgeons have achieved so far.

Although she still wants to have more procedures, her family is not as pleased with her transformed look.

She admits that she receives many stares when she is out in public and some people criticise her appearance.

But she has urged them to accept other people’s appearances because no-one is getting hurt by her cosmetic surgeries and her choices should be respected.

Kristen said: “I was frequently made fun of in school and that forced me to learn to not care what other people think of myself and my choices.

“Being a perfectionist, ambitious and creative is a quick way to become a plastic surgery addict.

“I never used to like what I saw in the mirror as I wasn’t happy with my body.

“I saw a lot that I didn’t like which I wanted to improve.

“When I was 18, I was fairly small chested with a 32B bra size. I wanted to have a fuller chest, so I had my first breast implants which were 550cc, costing £5,800.

“After surgery, I was so happy that I actually cried. It made me realise that if you’re smart about how you do it, you really can have almost anything done and achieve whatever look you want.

“My first breast augmentation was the gateway which helped me catch the bug for more plastic surgery.

“The recovery wasn’t bad, and it proved that what I wanted was possible. The image of the ideal body that I had in my head could be achieved.”

She added: “Two years after, I had a few procedures done to resculpt my face in June 2012.

“I had jaw contouring, chin contouring, a lip lift, rhinoplasty, cheek implants, forehead reshaping and a brow lift.

“My first Brazilian butt lift was in December 2015 and I had another butt lift in December 2018 and I then had 500cc bum implants put in too.

“I had a second rhinoplasty in January 2016, a second chin reshaping, jaw reshaping and a fat graft to my forehead in December 2017.

“I have also had three lip augmentations in 2018, the three ribs removed in October 2018 and my current 1500cc breast implants done in January 2019 and I am now a 28L.”

Kristen sees her body as a blank canvas she can alter to create the ‘ideal’ body she wants for herself.

She plans to undergo more procedures including rib narrowing, hip implants, thigh implants and larger bum implants.

She added: “I view my body as a canvas and surgery as the tool to achieve the image I have of myself in my head.

“I’ve always wanted extreme curves and I’m a very sexual person.

“In the last nine years, surgery has opened the door for me to express myself through my image.

“I feel that if nobody is being hurt and you’re happy, then what we choose to do with our bodies should be respected.

“My family doesn’t like it as they’ve always been more conventional in what they consider attractive.

“They worry that one day this could kill me.

“I get lots of stares from men checking me out and sometimes from women as well.

“However, living in Virginia, where people are very conservative, I occasionally get nasty glances and side eyes.

“I’m used to it though as I have a very thick skin – you have to when you do this to your body.

“There are many procedures I’d still like to have in the future though. I’d like to have a rib narrowing procedure, implants in my hips and thighs, another breast augmentation to take me to 2500cc and more facial reshaping.

“I’m constantly learning about new procedures and adding them to my list, so I’m sure the list will continue to grow.

“We all have our own opinions on what is beautiful.

“We can’t try to push our ideals on others.

“I also believe that if you’re unhappy with something you should never settle, you should fight for a solution to make it work instead.

“Surgical techniques are always improving so there’s a way to change almost anything.

“I think we should all focus on growing and evolving.

“Most importantly, be accepting of other peoples’ choices.

“Be kind, all that matters is happiness.”

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