Source: medicalxpress.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Researchers at The Westmead Institute for Medical Research have discovered brand new immune cells that are at the frontline of HIV infection. Known as CD11c+ dendritic cells, these new cells are more susceptible to HIV infection and can then transmit the virus to other cells. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
CD11c+ dendritic cells are a subset of dendritic cells (a type of immune cell) that are only found in human genital tissues, specifically at the epithelial level (the thin layer of tissue that forms the surface) of the vagina, inner foreskin and anus. This location in genital tissue often means that these newly discovered CD11c+ dendritic cells are the first immune cells to interact with HIV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
One of the lead researchers on this project, Associate Professor Andrew Harman from The Westmead Institute for Medical Research says that the role of these newly discovered CD11c+ dendritic cells is to capture any incoming disease-causing virus or bacteria (pathogen), and then deliver it to CD4 T cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“CD4 T cells are responsible for driving an immune response to the pathogen. Interestingly, they are also the primary HIV target cells in which the virus replicates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“Once dendritic cells capture a pathogen, they communicate what they \nhave found to CD4 T cells in the lymph nodes, essentially giving the \nimmune system a constant update. This information prepares the immune \nsystem to either tolerate a bacteria or virus, or attack it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“However, if CD4 T cells fall below critical levels (e.g. in HIV \npositive patients), then the body is no longer able to mount an immune \nresponse, leading to a diagnosis of AIDS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“Our research team has shown that the newly discovered CD11c+ \ndendritic cells are more susceptible to HIV infection than any other \nknown dendritic cell. We have also shown that CD11c+ dendritic cells \ninteract with CD4 T cells more efficiently than any other dendritic \ncells. Importantly CD11c+ dendritic cells transfer the virus to CD4 T \ncells, making them key drivers of HIV infection. As these dendritic \ncells are so efficient at interacting with CD4 T cells, they are also \nimportant vaccine candidates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The team from The Westmead Institute for Medical Research were able \nto discover these CD11c+ dendritic cells using donated genital tissues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Associate Professor Harman says, “We were able to look at the tissue \nonly 30 minutes after it had been surgically removed from the body and \nalso developed ground breaking RNAscope technology which allowed us to \nwatch as living CD11+c dendritic cells took up the virus and delivered \nit to the CD4 T cells,” says Associate Professor Harman.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
According to co-lead author and Executive Director of The Westmead \nInstitute for Medical Research, Professor Tony Cunningham, this \ndiscovery has unlocked two new avenues for medical researchers to pursue\n in the search for more effective HIV treatments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“This finding opens up a potential for the development of strategies \nto block the transmission of HIV. If we can block HIV’s ability to bind \nto the CD11+c dendritic cells, which are often the first immune cells to\n encounter the HIV virus, then we can stop their ability to transmit the\n virus to the CD4T cells. In a situation where there are low levels of \nCD4 T cells, this could stop the virus from spreading.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“Another avenue is to use this new information to develop a HIV \nvaccine. If HIV fragments or inactivated HIV were targeted at these \nCD11+c dendritic cells, this would have the potential to prime an immune\n response against HIV as soon as it enters the body,” says Professor \nCunningham.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Source: medicalxpress.com Researchers at The Westmead Institute for Medical Research have discovered brand new immune cells that are at the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":254,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[463,457,459,52,458,460,462,461],"class_list":["post-253","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aids-hiv","tag-cd11c-dendritic-cells","tag-discovered","tag-frontline","tag-hiv","tag-immune","tag-infection","tag-medical-research","tag-westmead-institute"],"yoast_head":"\n