Browse endocrine and diabetes content in conditions.
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Adrenal disorders include Addison's disease (adrenal insufficiency), Cushing's syndrome (cortisol excess), phaeochromocytoma, Conn's syndrome, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Learn about cortisol and aldosterone physiology, diagnostic tests (synacthen test, 24-hour UFC), and treatment including hydrocortisone replacement and adrenalectomy.
Gestational diabetes affects 14% of pregnancies globally. Diagnosed at 24–28 weeks with OGTT. Increases risk of preeclampsia, macrosomia, and type 2 diabetes in mother and child. Diet, exercise, and insulin or metformin control blood glucose and prevent complications.
Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) affects 1-2% of women, most commonly from Graves' disease. Excess thyroid hormone causes weight loss, palpitations, and tremor. Learn about antithyroid drugs (carbimazole), radioiodine, and thyroidectomy.
Hypothyroidism affects 2% of the population and is the most common thyroid disorder. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the leading cause. Learn about TSH targets, levothyroxine dosing, subclinical hypothyroidism, and pregnancy management.
PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, affecting 8-13%. It causes irregular periods, androgen excess (hirsutism, acne), polycystic ovaries, and insulin resistance. Learn about metformin, clomiphene, inositol, and fertility treatment.
Pituitary disorders include pituitary adenomas, hypopituitarism, acromegaly, Cushing's disease, and diabetes insipidus. Learn about pituitary MRI, hormone testing, transsphenoidal surgery, and dopamine agonists.
Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) affects 8.4 million people worldwide and is an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells requiring lifelong insulin therapy. Learn about DKA, continuous glucose monitoring, insulin pumps, and closed-loop systems.
Type 2 diabetes affects 537 million adults worldwide, driven by insulin resistance and progressive beta-cell failure. Learn about HbA1c diagnosis, metformin, SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists, and reversing type 2 diabetes with weight loss.
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