Dr. Laura Borghesi Giannini

Dr. Laura Borghesi Giannini is a consultant emergency medicine physician at the Ospedale di Stato della Repubblica di San Marino with 16 years of clinical experience. She specialises in trauma care, critical care, and point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS), and holds qualifications as an ATLS Instructor — reflecting her expertise in teaching Advanced Trauma Life Support to emergency medical teams. As the emergency specialist in San Marino's state hospital, she provides round-the-clock emergency and critical care services for the microstate's residents, workers, and the substantial tourist population that visits San Marino annually. Her POCUS expertise enhances rapid bedside diagnosis in time-critical emergencies.

Dr. Borghesi Giannini obtained her MD from an Italian medical university and completed specialist training in emergency medicine within the Italian hospital system, achieving formal recognition as an Emergency Medicine Specialist under Italian standards. She subsequently qualified as an ATLS Instructor through the American College of Surgeons ATLS programme, reflecting her training in teaching systematic trauma assessment and management. She has completed advanced training in point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) for emergency applications including the FAST examination, lung ultrasound, and cardiac POCUS. She participates in European emergency medicine CME through EUSEM and Italian emergency medicine societies.

Dr. Borghesi Giannini manages the full spectrum of emergency and acute medical presentations. Her trauma care expertise encompasses primary and secondary survey management using ATLS principles, haemorrhage control, airway management, chest decompression, and coordination of trauma team response. Her critical care practice covers management of sepsis and septic shock using Surviving Sepsis Campaign bundles, respiratory failure, acute coronary syndromes, stroke recognition and thrombolysis initiation, and toxicological emergencies. Her POCUS skills enable rapid bedside assessment of cardiac function, pneumothorax, haemoperitoneum, deep vein thrombosis, and procedural guidance including thoracentesis and central venous access.

San Marino receives approximately 2–3 million tourists annually — a remarkable number for a microstate — making emergency care for international visitors a central part of Dr. Borghesi Giannini's work. She is experienced in managing emergency presentations in patients from across Europe and globally, and consults in Italian and English. The Ospedale di Stato coordinates emergency transfers to the larger Rimini and Bologna hospital network when tertiary intervention is required. Insurance documentation, emergency discharge summaries, and travel fitness certificates are routinely prepared in English for international patients.

Dr. Borghesi Giannini has been recognised within San Marino's medical community for her leadership of the emergency department and her contributions to trauma care education. Her status as an ATLS Instructor from the American College of Surgeons reflects international recognition of her trauma medicine expertise and teaching capability. She has been commended for developing the POCUS programme within the Ospedale di Stato and for her contribution to raising emergency medicine standards across the microstate. She participates in EUSEM working groups on emergency medicine education.