Browse endocrinology content in treatments.
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Adrenal disorders affect the adrenal glands' production of cortisol, aldosterone, and adrenaline, causing conditions ranging from Addison's disease to Cushing's syndrome and phaeochromocytoma. This guide covers diagnosis, medical management, and surgical treatment options.
Hormonal disorders arise when endocrine glands produce too much or too little hormone, disrupting the body's chemical messaging system. This comprehensive guide covers the spectrum of hormonal disorders, their diagnosis through biochemical testing
Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces excessive thyroid hormones, causing rapid heartbeat, weight loss, anxiety, and heat intolerance. This guide covers the causes including Graves' disease and toxic nodular goitre, diagnosis
Hypothyroidism is an underactive thyroid gland that fails to produce sufficient thyroid hormones, causing fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and depression. Levothyroxine replacement is the standard, safe, and effective treatment.
Osteoporosis is characterised by reduced bone mineral density and deteriorating bone microstructure, leading to fragility fractures of the spine, hip, and wrist. This guide covers risk assessment, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scanning, bisphosphonate therapy, newer anabolic agents
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, causing irregular periods, androgen excess, and polycystic ovaries. This guide covers lifestyle management, hormonal treatments, ovulation induction for fertility, and long-term metabolic health monitoring.
Pituitary disorders arise from tumours, inflammation, or damage to the pituitary gland — the master endocrine gland at the base of the brain. They cause either hormone excess (acromegaly, Cushing's disease, hyperprolactinaemia) or deficiency (hypopituitarism).
Thyroid disorders — including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid nodules, thyroid cancer, and thyroiditis — are among the most common endocrine conditions worldwide. This comprehensive guide covers the full spectrum of thyroid pathology, diagnosis through biochemical and imaging evaluation
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