Browse skin hair and nails content in conditions.
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Acne vulgaris affects 85% of adolescents and persists in 15% of adults, causing comedones, papules, pustules, and nodules. Treated with topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics, and isotretinoin for severe disease. Learn about comedogenesis, hormonal acne, and scarring prevention.
Dandruff affects 50% of adults globally, making it one of the most prevalent scalp conditions. Malassezia yeast overgrowth is the primary cause. Antifungal shampoos containing ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, or selenium sulphide are first-line treatments.
Eczema (atopic dermatitis) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition affecting 20% of children and 10% of adults, causing intense itch, skin barrier dysfunction, and flares. Learn about filaggrin gene mutations, topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, dupilumab (Dupixent), trigger avoidance, and the NICE stepped-care approach to management.
Fungal skin infections affect 1 billion people globally. Tinea (ringworm), athlete's foot, and cutaneous candidiasis are the most common. Topical antifungals (clotrimazole, terbinafine) treat most cases; oral terbinafine or itraconazole are used for resistant or nail infections.
Hair loss (alopecia) affects 50% of men by 50 and up to 40% of women. Androgenetic alopecia is the most common cause. Learn about the hair growth cycle, telogen effluvium triggers, alopecia areata, and treatments including minoxidil, finasteride, and JAK inhibitors.
Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer, arising from melanocytes. Learn about the ABCDE dermoscopy criteria, Breslow thickness, BRAF mutations, immunotherapy (pembrolizumab, nivolumab), targeted therapy, and sentinel lymph node biopsy.
Nail infections include fungal onychomycosis (affecting 10% of adults) and bacterial paronychia. Learn about nail clipping microscopy, Wood's lamp, terbinafine, itraconazole pulse therapy, amorolfine nail lacquer, and surgical drainage.
Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin disease affecting 2-3% of the global population. It causes scaly plaques, nail changes, and is linked to psoriatic arthritis. Learn about IL-17/IL-23 biologics (secukinumab, ixekizumab, risankizumab), methotrexate, and lifestyle triggers.
Skin cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, with over 1.5 million new cases annually. Learn about basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, the ABCDE warning signs, Mohs surgery, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy for advanced cases.
Vitiligo affects 1-2% of the global population. An autoimmune condition causing loss of skin pigmentation. Learn about topical calcineurin inhibitors, narrowband UVB phototherapy, JAK inhibitors (ruxolitinib), and repigmentation strategies.
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