Browse lung and respiratory content in conditions.
11 results
Asthma affects 262 million people globally and causes 455,000 deaths per year. It is characterized by reversible airway obstruction, inflammation, and hyperresponsiveness. Inhaled corticosteroids and SABA reliever inhalers are the cornerstone of treatment.
Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchial tubes causing cough with mucus, wheezing, and breathlessness. Learn about acute bronchitis (usually viral, antibiotic-resistant) vs. chronic bronchitis (COPD component, smoking-related), treatment with bronchodilators, and when to seek urgent care for pneumonia or COPD exacerbation.
COPD affects 480 million people globally and is the 3rd leading cause of death. Tobacco smoking causes 85% of cases. Spirometry confirms obstruction (FEV1/FVC <0.7). Triple inhaler therapy (LABA/LAMA/ICS) and pulmonary rehabilitation reduce exacerbations and improve survival.
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) encompasses over 200 conditions causing progressive lung scarring. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common. Learn about HRCT patterns, TBLB, antifibrotics (nintedanib, pirfenidone), lung transplantation, and multidisciplinary diagnosis.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, killing 1.8 million people annually. 85% are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Smoking causes 85% of cases. Learn about molecular testing (EGFR, ALK, KRAS), immunotherapy, and LDCT screening.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive scarring of the lungs affecting 3 million people globally. Median survival is 3–5 years. Learn about HRCT honeycombing, lung biopsy, antifibrotic drugs (nintedanib, pirfenidone), and lung transplantation.
Pneumonia kills 2.5 million people annually, making it the world's leading infectious cause of death. Learn about community-acquired vs hospital-acquired types, CURB-65 severity scoring, antibiotic treatment (amoxicillin, co-amoxiclav, clarithromycin), and when to seek emergency care.
Pulmonary embolism (PE) affects 600,000 people annually in the US and is the third leading cause of cardiovascular mortality. Learn about the Wells score, CTPA, risk stratification (massive vs submassive PE), anticoagulation (DOACs), thrombolysis, and IVC filters.
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is raised blood pressure in the pulmonary circulation causing progressive right heart failure. Learn about the 5 WHO groups, right heart catheterisation, PAH-specific therapies (sildenafil, bosentan, riociguat, selexipag), and lung transplantation.
Obstructive sleep apnoea affects 15-30% of adults. Untreated OSA causes hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and stroke. Learn about polysomnography, CPAP therapy, mandibular advancement devices, and surgical options.
Tuberculosis is a bacterial lung infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that kills 1.5 million people annually. Learn about pulmonary TB symptoms, sputum GeneXpert diagnosis, RIPE therapy, drug-resistant TB, and BCG vaccination.
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