Browse sleep disorders content in conditions.
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Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders (CRSDs) affect the timing of sleep relative to the 24-hour day, causing misalignment with social and work schedules. Learn about delayed sleep phase disorder, shift work disorder, jet lag, melatonin, light therapy, and chronotherapy.
Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) affects 10-20% of the population, causing uncontrollable sleep episodes that impair work, driving, and daily function. Causes include obstructive sleep apnoea, narcolepsy, and insufficient sleep. Learn about polysomnography, MSLT, and treatment with CPAP and wakefulness agents.
Insomnia affects 30-45% of adults globally, with chronic insomnia disorder in 10-15%. Difficulty falling or staying asleep with daytime impairment lasting 3+ months defines the disorder. Cognitive-behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the gold-standard first-line treatment.
Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological sleep disorder characterised by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy (sudden muscle weakness triggered by emotions), sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations. Learn about orexin (hypocretin) deficiency, the MSLT diagnostic test, modafinil, sodium oxybate (Xyrem), and managing this lifelong condition.
Restless legs syndrome (Willis-Ekbom disease) affects 5–10% of adults globally. It causes uncomfortable leg sensations and an irresistible urge to move at rest, worsening at night. Iron supplementation, dopamine agonists (pramipexole, ropinirole), and gabapentinoids treat RLS effectively.
Sleep apnea affects approximately 1 billion people globally, with 80% undiagnosed. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) causes repeated breathing pauses during sleep, raising risks of hypertension, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Learn about polysomnography, CPAP therapy, and surgical options.
Sleepwalking (somnambulism) is an NREM parasomnia affecting 2–3% of adults and 17% of children. Episodes occur in slow-wave sleep and involve complex behaviours with amnesia. Learn about polysomnography, sleep hygiene, safety measures, and clonazepam treatment.
Snoring affects 40% of adults and is often a symptom of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), which raises cardiovascular risk. Learn about the STOPBANG questionnaire, polysomnography, CPAP therapy, mandibular advancement devices, and lifestyle changes to stop snoring.
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