Browse comprehensive guides on procedures — evidence-based content reviewed by MyMedicPlus Medical Review Board.
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Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) fragments kidney and ureteral stones 5–20 mm with focused sound waves; stone-free rates of 80–85% at 3 months for renal pelvis stones.
Liver biopsy obtains tissue for histopathological diagnosis of hepatitis, fibrosis, NAFLD, and cirrhosis — percutaneous technique, image guidance, bleeding risk, and alternatives explained.
Liver resection removes hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal metastases, and cholangiocarcinoma. The liver regenerates to 80% in 6–8 weeks. 5-year survival 30–50% for colorectal metastases.
Liver transplantation replaces a failing liver with a healthy donor organ to treat cirrhosis, acute liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Five-year survival exceeds 75% at specialist centres.
Lumpectomy (breast-conserving surgery) removes an early-stage breast tumour with a clear margin while preserving the breast, achieving equivalent long-term survival to mastectomy when followed by radiation.
Lung transplantation replaces one or both diseased lungs to restore respiratory function in end-stage COPD, IPF, and cystic fibrosis, with 80% one-year and 54% five-year survival per ISHLT registry data.
Magnotherapy uses static or pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) applied to tissues to reduce pain and support healing — most clinical evidence supports pulsed EMF for bone healing and musculoskeletal pain.
Osteosarcoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone are treated with limb-salvage surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy; 5-year survival exceeds 70% for localised disease with modern multimodal therapy.
Mammography uses low-dose X-rays to detect breast cancer early — screening vs diagnostic indications, 3D tomosynthesis, radiation dose, and BI-RADS reporting explained.
Mastectomy removes one or both breasts for breast cancer treatment or BRCA mutation prophylaxis. Local recurrence under 5% for early-stage disease. Immediate reconstruction achieves excellent satisfaction.
Oral and maxillofacial surgery treats jaw misalignment, facial trauma, oral tumours, cleft palate, TMJ disorders, and obstructive sleep apnoea using intraoral and minimally visible approaches.
Mediastinoscopy for mediastinal lymph node biopsy and lung cancer staging: cervical technique, EBUS-TBNA comparison, 95% diagnostic accuracy, and same-day discharge.
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