Browse mouth and dental content in conditions.
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Bad breath (halitosis) affects 1 in 4 people globally and is caused by volatile sulphur compounds from oral bacteria. Learn about the role of tongue cleaning, chlorhexidine mouthwash, periodontal disease treatment, and when bad breath signals serious illness.
Periodontitis (gum disease) affects 45-50% of adults worldwide and is the leading cause of tooth loss. Learn about gingivitis vs periodontitis, BPE scores, scaling and root planing, systemic links to cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and prevention.
Mouth ulcers (aphthous ulcers) affect 20% of the population, causing painful sores in the oral mucosa. Most are benign and self-resolving within 2 weeks. Learn about aphthous stomatitis, herpes simplex, Behcet's disease, and topical treatments.
Oral cancer accounts for over 377,000 new cases annually and 177,000 deaths globally. Tobacco and alcohol are responsible for 75% of cases. Early stage oral cancer has a 5-year survival rate above 80%; late-stage detection drops this to below 30%.
Sensitive teeth (dentine hypersensitivity) cause sharp pain from hot, cold, sweet, or acidic stimuli, affecting 11-33% of adults. Learn about enamel erosion, gum recession, exposed dentine tubules, desensitising toothpastes, fluoride varnish, and professional dental treatments including bonding and gum grafts.
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) affects the jaw joint and masticatory muscles, causing jaw pain, clicking, and limited mouth opening in 5-12% of adults. Learn about the biopsychosocial model, splint therapy, physical therapy, and management of TMD-related headache.
Dental caries affects 2.5 billion people globally and is the most prevalent chronic disease worldwide. Streptococcus mutans metabolises dietary sugars into acids that demineralise enamel. Fluoride, fillings, root canal therapy, and preventive dental care are key treatments.
Toothache is most commonly caused by dental caries, pulpitis, or periapical abscess. Affects over 3.5 billion people globally with untreated dental caries. Learn about pain mechanisms, dental examination, root canal treatment, antibiotic indications, and emergency dental care.
Wisdom teeth (third molars) affect up to 73% of people with at least one impacted tooth. Pericoronitis, cysts, and crowding are common complications. Learn about OPG X-rays, surgical extraction, dry socket, and when removal is necessary.
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